Present tenses

 Present Simple

Uses:

We use present simple for

- Daily routines. example: I wash up my face everyday

- Facts. example: He lives on a farm

-Feelings. example: Ginger loves John

- Repeated actions. example: She always smile

Structure

Affirmative:

We have three possible option to write a sentence in present simple:

    SUBJECT + VERB ( WITH S, ES) + OBJECT

example: My bus leaves at 6 pm.

SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT + OBJECT

example: A car is a modern machine

SUBJECT  + ADVERB OF FREQUENCY + VERB (WITH S, ES) + ADVERBIAL

example: I always walk in the mornings

Negative:

SUBJECT + DO NOT/ DON´T + VERB + COMPLEMENT OR OBJECT

example: I don´t like trains

SUBJECT + DOES NOT/ DOESN´T + VERB + COMPLEMENT OR OBJECT

example: She does not eat chocolate

Question:

WH-Q (questions start in "wh" for example: what, which, who...) + DO + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

example: What do they wear?

TIP: You can create a question without a "wh" question, for example: Do you like pizza?

WH-Q + DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

example: Why does she want to learn spanish? ; Does he live there?

*Consider this:

Add ES to verbs ending in: X, SH, SS, CH, O

Add S to verbs ending in. vowel + Y

Add IES to verbs ending in: Consonant + Y

Present Continous

Uses:

- Action hapenning right now. example: He is eating a sandwich right now

-Action in progress. example: The earth is getting warmer rapidly

Structure:

Affirmative:

SUBJECT + VERB (WITH "ING) + COMPLEMENT

example: I´m running in this moment

Negative:

SUBJECT + AREN´T/ ISN´T + VERB (WITH "ING) + COMPLEMENT

example: They aren´t playing right now

Question:

AUX.VERB (TO BE) + SUBJECT + VERB (WITH "ING") + COMPLEMENT

example: Is she walking in this moment?

WH-Q + AUX. VERB (TO BE) +  SUBJECT + VERB (WITH "ING") + COMPLEMENT

example: What are they doing now?

*Consider this:

In the present continous, the verb "to be" acts an a auxiliary verb. 

Present Perfect

Uses:

- To connect a past event to present and have consequences. example: She can´t buy new clothes, she has lost her wallet.

-To describe a past event that continues in the present. example: I´ve played guitar ever since I was a little girl.

-To describe something that happened between the past and the present. example: I´ve been studying at University

-To talk about something that happened in a very recent past that includes the present. example: I have done my homework this morning.

Structure:

Affirmative:

SUBJECT + HAS/HAVE + VERB (PARTICIPLE) + COMPLEMENT

example: I have worked here for three years

              She has bought a new car

Negative:

SUBJECT + HAS NOT/ HASN´T + VERB (PARTICIPLE) + COMPLEMENT

example: She hasn´t studied for the test

SUBJECT + HAVE NOT/ HAVEN´T + VERB (PARTICIPLE) + COMPLEMENT

example: I have not been in a relationship since last year

Question:

WH-Q + HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB (PARTICIPLE) + COMPLEMENT

example: What have you done this morning?

*Consider this:

Be careful with the verb form, it must be ALWAYS in participle.